3/10/1997 It is the intent of this paper to describe and define the history and design considerations relating to development of the common sport main risers. The development of the 3 Ring Release, which is a subject for another paper, is not included. Risers are the interface used on parachute assemblies to connect the links holding the lines of the canopy to the harness of the store, or load. The end which attaches to the harness is quick releasable. As are most of the sub

twisted risers We read in a recent APF News-Sheet of yet another hard cutaway experienced by an Australian skydiver. It prompted me to dig out a still very relevant article from the archives. Several years ago, there occurred a rash of hard/impossible pulls on cutaway systems, prompting John Sherman to conduct a series of experiments in May 2003 to accurately define the problem. John has written several definitive papers on riser construction and 3-Ring technology. In one of